SENTIMIENTOS Y NECESIDADES DE LA PERSONA ADULTA MAYOR DURANTE LA PANDEMIA COVID-19. UN ANÁLISIS DESDE LA TEORÍA DE AGNES HELLER

El artículo explora los sentimientos y las necesidades de una persona adulta mayor durante el confinamiento por la pandemia de Covid-19 en México. El estudio de caso se reflexionó a partir de la propuesta de Agnes Heller sobre la vida cotidiana, las necesidades y los sentimientos. La investigación es cualitativa y fundamentada en el método fenomenológico-hermenéutico. Como resultado es posible observar un cambio en las necesidades de la persona adulta mayor durante la pandemia;pasaron de necesidades alienadas al surgimiento efímero de necesidades radicales.Alternate :This article explores feelings and needs of an elderly person during the confinement due to the Covid-19 pandemic in Mexico. The case study was reflected from Agnes Heller's proposal on daily life, needs and feelings. The research is qualitative and based on the phenomenological-hermeneutical method. As a result, it is possible to observe a change in the needs of elderly person during pandemic;they went from alienated needs to the ephemeral emergence of radical needs.

How to Deal with a Bully: Debility, Non-Production, and Radical Care

This article examines how resistance toward capitalism's temporal bullying is performed in contemporary art and activism. It addresses the relationship between creativity, institutions, and empowerment. Building on the conceptual work of Croatian artist Mladen Stilinović (1947–2016), the article explores several aesthetic presentations of resistive temporalities we identify as non-production. The case studies of non-production herein marshaled affirm a performance of resistance that centers discussion of radicality in self-consciously interdependent care networks, ostensibly available to all disabled and nondisabled individuals. This care ethic claps back at the idea of self-optimization and fiduciary endurance amidst economic regimes of exploitation as virtuous. In the place of 'wellness,' this article affirms new directions in care and mutual aid, as premised on queer, crip, and feminist portrayals of disability praxis and pedagogy.

Cultures of Play: Actors, Affordances and Arenas

The principles of EECERA focus on providing a relevant and rigorous academic forum in Europe;facilitating collaboration and cooperation between European researchers and other researchers around the world;encouraging clear articulation and communication links between research, practice, and policy;and offering interaction, development, and support to those interested in early childhood education. The conference aimed to answer the following questions: * In what ways do cultures shape play in early childhood across time and space? * How is play sculpted by its actors, affordances, and arenas? * In light of the recent global pandemic and other disruptions to daily life, how does play feature in research, teaching, and experience? In addition to these thought-provoking keynote addresses, researchers and practitioners engaged in special interest group presentations in the following areas: birth to three, children from refugee or migrant backgrounds, digital childhoods, multimodality and STEM, disability studies and inclusive education in the early years, gender balance, holistic wellbeing, mathematics birth to 8 years, multilingual childhoods, outdoor play and learning, participatory pedagogy and praxeological research, professionalism in early childhood education and care, rethinking play, sustainability in early childhood education, transforming assessment evaluation and documentation in early childhood pedagogy, transitions, working with parents and families, and young children's perspectives.

Taking on the "new normal”: emerging psychologists' reflections on the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeCoronavirus (COVID-19) rapidly became the "new normal” with profound implications for everyone's daily life. In this paper, emerging psychologists from diverse cultural backgrounds discuss four main ways in which COVID-19 impacted diverse psychological populations.Design/methodology/approachThis paper was written as a reflection on how COVID-19 has impacted diverse psychological populations using authors' academic and personal experiences.FindingsFirst, the authors explore inaccessible populations with a focus on domestic violence victims living in rural areas. Second, the authors consider consequences of social isolation with a focus on remote workers. Third, the authors investigate the consequences of public (dis)trust in the pandemic with a focus on migrant worker communities. Finally, the authors discuss pandemic-relevant subcultures with a focus on "anti-vaxxers”.Social implicationsThe paper concludes with a discussion of negative implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on diverse psychological populations, both for the present and the future, and ends with an action plan of possible interventions to overcome these limitations.Originality/valueOverall, the current paper provides a broad overview of how the pandemic has shaped and will continue to shape diverse psychological populations.

Exploring Distress and Occupational Participation Among Older Canadians During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted daily life with corresponding implications on levels of distress. Purpose. To describe factors associated with high distress among community-dwelling older adults during the first lockdown and explore how occupational participation was managed. Methods. A mixed methods design whereby multivariate regression analysis of a survey (N = 263) identified factors associated with high distress, as per the Impact of Events of Scale-Revised (IES-R). Follow-up interviews with a sub-sample of those surveyed who reflected a range of IES-R scores were conducted (N = 32). Findings. Those with lower resilience and anxiety/depression had 6.84 and 4.09 greater odds respectively of high distress. From the interviews, the main theme, "Lost and Found," and subthemes (Interruption and Disruption; Surving, not Thriving; Moving Forward, Finding Meaning) highlighted the process and corresponding stages, including adaptive strategies, by which participants navigated changes in their occupational participation. Implications. While the results suggest that many older adults, including those with high distress, were able to manage daily life under lockdown, some experienced ongoing challenges in doing so. Future studies should focus on those who experienced or who are at-higher risk for such challenges to identify supports that mitigate adverse consequences if another event of this magnitude occurs again.

Validation of the Barthel Index as a Predictor of In-Hospital Mortality among COVID-19 Patients.

In order to predict the high mortality due to COVID-19, simple, useful and remote instruments are required. To assess the validity of the baseline Barthel Index score as a predictor of in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients, a validation study of a clinical prediction tool in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 was conducted. The primary variable was mortality and the Barthel Index was the main explanatory variable. Demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were collected. Other mortality predictor scores were also assessed: Pneumonia Severity Index, CURB-65 and A-DROP. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Area under the Curve (ROC AUC), sensitivity and specificity were calculated for both the Barthel Index and the other predictor scores. An analysis of the association between the main variables was conducted, adjusting by means of three multivariate models. Three hundred and twelve patients were studied. Mortality was 16.4%. A mortality Odds Ratio (OR) of 5.95 was associated with patients with a Barthel Index ≤ 90. The model number 3 was developed to predict in-hospital mortality before COVID-19 infection occurs. It exhibits an OR of 3.44, a ROC AUC of 0.792, a sensitivity of 74.5% and a specificity of 73.9%. The Baseline Barthel Index proved useful in our population as a predictor of in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19.

A systematic review examining the effect of vitamin D supplementation on functional outcomes post-stroke.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review was to explore the effect of vitamin D supplementation on functional outcomes (motor function, mobility, activities of daily living and stroke impairment) among individuals post-stroke (PROSPERO CRD42022296462). DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched for all articles published up to March 5, 2023. METHODS: Only interventional studies assessing vitamin D supplementation compared to placebo or usual care in adult stroke patients were selected. After duplicate removal, 2912 studies were screened by two independent reviewers. A total of 43 studies underwent full text review; 10 studies met inclusion criteria (8 randomized controlled trials and 2 non-randomized studies of intervention). Data were extracted by two independent reviewers using Covidence software. Motor function (Brunnstrom Recovery Stage, Berg Balance Score), mobility (Functional Ambulation Category), activities of daily living (Barthel Index, Functional Independence Measure) and stroke impairment (modified Rankin Scale, National Institutes for Health Stroke Severity, Scandinavian Stroke Severity) were the outcome measures of interest reported in the included studies. RESULTS: In total, 691 patients were studied for which 11 of 13 outcome measures showed improvement with vitamin D supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of studies showed a statistical improvement in motor function, mobility, and stroke impairment with vitamin D supplementation; however, the evidence did not support an improvement in activities of daily living with treatment. Despite this, there may not be clinical significance. Strong, methodologically sound, randomized controlled trials are required to verify these findings.

Civil society organizations in times of pandemic: a report from the concept of collective occupational reconstruction

Introduction: This article reports collective actions developed by participants of two Civil Society Organizations representing people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, located in southern Brazil, during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To highlight the strategies and actions that comprised part of the collective occupational reconstruction process of the Civil Society Organizations. Therefore, it describes the results of collective processes, based on reflection on the phenomena observed by the authors. Method: This is a descriptive, qualitative research based on an experience report. The practices occurred remotely during the pandemic period (March to December 2020). Results: It was found that social media platforms contributed to maintain the collective occupations of the group, facilitating the process of collective occupational reconstruction of Civil Society Organizations. Among the used tools, instant messaging and video calling applications stood out, which facilitated the development of collective practices, thus minimizing the impacts of physical distance. Conclusion: Social media platforms are powerful resources to maintain collective action and occupational reconstruction processes. © 2022 Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos. All rights reserved.

The impact of neurocognitive impairment on daily life functioning in older adults

The MMSE is one of the most widely used in-person cognitive screeners to assess global cognitive impairment (Folstein, 1975;Fong et al., 2009). The TICS, which is a cognitive screener that can be administered over the telephone, has been found to be highly correlated with the MMSE (Brandt et al., 1988). There is a lack of research comparing the MMSE and TICS ability to predict daily life functioning in older adults with varying degrees of cognitive abilities. Thus, this study examined the utility of the TICS-40 and MMSE to predict daily life functioning at different levels of cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment and dementia). Taken from the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (Plassman et al., 2007), a sample of 157 participants over the age of 70 with mild cognitive impairment or dementia were administered a battery of surveys and tests that included the MMSE, the TICS-40, the index of activities of daily living (ADLs), and the measure of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs, Lawton & Brody, 1969). The TICS and MMSE similarly predicted daily life functioning in the total sample and MCI group (n = 133). The MMSE was a better predictor in the dementia group (n = 24) than in the MCI group. Higher scores on both screeners predicted problems with telephone use and medication management in the MCI group. In the dementia group, higher MMSE scores showed marginal support for fewer problems with telephone use and medication management, while higher TICS scores predicted fewer problems with medication management. Investing resources in the development and knowledge of cognitive screeners and procedures for remote administration would benefit older adults. Regularly screening older adults in their homes may lead to earlier detection of decline, better treatment, allocation of more appropriate resources, and improvement in quality of life for older adults who are unable to meet with clinicians in an in-person setting due to illness such as COVID-19, physical disability, or those living in rural areas. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: everyday life analysis and group intervention outcomes

The COVID-19 pandemic has abruptly changed the everyday life of the population, especially of people in social distancing. Thus, using a qualitative methodology, we sought to analyze the changes in the everyday lives of Brazilians in social distancing and the possible contributions of occupational therapy in telehealth groups. The research was carried out in a virtual format using the technique of focus groups to collect the narratives. The meetings, which lasted approximately 90 min, occurred in the second half of 2020. The meetings were transcribed, analyzed, and categorized by the interpretive phenomenological method. Four categories were found, namely, changes in emotional states, changes in everyday life, political crossings and the pandemic, and from grouping to virtual grouping. Disruptions in everyday life were noticed, as well as the formation of a mutual help group. Remote assistance in occupational therapy contributed to health care emergencies as it allowed moments of reflection in the participants' everyday lives. © 2023 Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos. All rights reserved.

Experiences of People with Cardiovascular Disease during COVID-19 in Sweden: A Qualitative Study.

Although people with cardiovascular conditions were subjected to more rigorous restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is limited knowledge of how the restrictions affected their lives and well-being. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe how people with cardiovascular conditions experienced their life situation and physical and mental health during the second wave of the pandemic in Sweden. Fifteen participants (median age 69 years; nine women) were individually interviewed, and data were analyzed with systematic text condensation. The findings revealed that some of the participants were fearful of contracting COVID-19 as their medical condition made them vulnerable. Additionally, the restrictions changed their daily routines and their ability to take part in social activities, as well as their access to specialized outpatient care (medical check-ups and physiotherapy). Although emotional and psychological distress were present, several participants found strategies that reduced their worries, such as exercising and meeting friends outdoors. However, some had adopted a more sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diets. These findings indicate that healthcare professionals should provide individualized support to persons with cardiovascular diseases in order to find well-functioning emotion- and problem-focused strategies aimed at improving physical and mental health during crises such as pandemics.

Long COVID and rehabilitation.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. The large number of post-COVID survivors has drawn attention to the management of post-COVID condition, known as long COVID. This review examines current knowledge of long COVID, regarding its epidemiology, mechanism, and clinical presentations in both adults and children. We also review the rehabilitation principles, modules, and effects, and share Taiwan's efforts to provide a top-down, nationwide care framework for long COVID patients. Dyspnea, chronic cough, and fatigue are the most commonly reported symptoms in the first 6 months after infection, but cognitive impairment and psychological symptoms may persist beyond this time. Several possible mechanisms behind these symptoms were proposed, but remained unconfirmed. These symptoms negatively impact individuals' function, activities, participation and quality of life. Rehabilitation is a key element of management to achieve functional improvement. Early management should start with comprehensive evaluation and identification of red flags. Exercise-based therapy, an essential part of management of long COVID, can be conducted with different modules, including telerehabilitation. Post-exertional symptom exacerbation and orthostatic hypotension should be carefully monitored during exercise. Randomized control trials with a large sample size are needed to determine the optimal timing, dosage, and modules.

„WRESZCIE SIĘ WYSPAŁAM, PO RAZ PIERWSZY SAMA UPIEKŁAM BUŁECZKI"... - SPOJRZENIE NA PIERWSZY TYDZIEŃ PANDEMII COVID-19 W POLSCE

Dla dwóch trzecich badanych konieczność przebywania w domu była dużą zmianą w sposobie życia, jednak zmiana ta została oceniona pozytywnie - jako dodatkowy, niespodziewany czas, kiedy można było zrobić coś, na co wcześniej nie było czasu. Najczęściej podejmowano w tym okresie czynności, które można określić jako robienie czegoś dla siebie, ponadto wykonywano zaległe prace domowe, a także aktywnie korzystano z możliwości bycia z rodziną.

Older People and the Pandemic: Social Exclusion, Heterogeneity of the Groups of Seniors and Intersectionality of age Inequalities

The article discusses the reactions of older Russians to the restrictions of the pandemic from the perspective of critical gerontology, sociology of space and intersectional approach based on 39 interviews collected in Russian regions in 2020â€"2022. In the context of the risks of coronavirus, inequalities in relation to older people and differentiation within the groups of seniors, have manifested and intensified. With considerable diversity, two typical ways in which older people respond to pandemic restrictions stand out: the first are outraged by them, the others do not notice them. The first type of reactions is demonstrated by people who maintained high physical mobility, social activity and involvement. With the advent of the pandemic, they experienced fear and indignation, they perceived the lockdown and self-isolation as a restriction of freedom. They tend to evaluate external assistance as annoying overprotectiveness, they are often ready to act as a subject, and not just an object of care. The second type of reactions is typical for people with limited mobility who are in contact with a narrow circle of people and social spaces, relying on external help from the family, helping professionals. They did not notice the limitations of the pandemic, nothing has changed in their lives. They accept selfisolation, social exclusion and external care as the norm. Active and mobile older people are "outraged" by the manifestations of objectification and exclusion ("murmuring"), those living in social isolation are ready for self-stigmatization, accepting exclusion as the norm ("resigned"). The ability to detect inequalities and resist them directly correlates with social inclusion, and exclusion reduces "sensitivity" to manifestations of structural inequalities. Self-stigmatization is indirectly supported by the normative dependence and low mobility of older people in the discourse of professional care. Age discrimination intersects with the normativity of social exclusion of immobile people, equating old age with disability, and is justified by the priority right to care. This actualizes the role of inclusive and intersectional approaches in the sociology of aging, social policy and practice.Alternate abstract:Ð' статье обсуждаются реакции россиян старшего возраста на ограничения пандемии на материалах 39 интервью, собранных в российских регионах в 2020â€" 2022 гг. Ð' условиях рисков коронавируса проявились и усилились неравенства в отношении пожилых людей и гетерогенность геронтогруппы. При значительном многообразии выделяется два способа реагирования людей старшего возраста на ограничения пандемии: первые ими возмущены, другие их не заметили. Первый тип реакций («ропщущие») демонстрируют люди, которые поддерживали высокую физическую мобильность, социальную активность и включенность. С приходом пандемии они испытали страх и возмущение, локдаун и режим самоизоляции восприняли как ограничение свободы. Они склонны оценивать внешнюю помощь как раздражающую гиперопеку, часто готовы сами выступать в качестве субъекта, а не только объекта заботы. Ð'торой тип реакций («безропотные») характерен для маломобильных людей, контактирующих с узким кругом людей и социальных пространств, полагающихся на внешн ŽÑŽ помощь. Они не заметили ограничений пандемии, в их жизни ничего не изменилось. Самоизоляцию, социальную эксклюзию и внешнюю заботу они принимают как норму. Полагаем, способность обнаруживать неравенства и противостоять им прямо коррелирует с социальной включенностью. Самостигматизация подкрепляется нормативностью зависимости и маломобильности пожилых людей в дискурсе профессиональной заботы. Ð'озрастная дискриминация пересекается с отождествлением старости с зависимостью и маломобильностью, нормативностью социальной эксклюзии немобильных людей и оправдывается приоритетным правом на поддержку и заботу. Ключевой проблемой большинства людей старшего возраста в условиях пандемии стали эксклюзия и недоступность значимых ресурсов. Существенно возросла роль социальной поддержки, но также проявился ее амбивалентный характер, в Ñ‚. ч. готовность пожилого человека выступать не только объектом заботы, но и ее субъектом.

Predictors of female caregivers' burden: An estimated conceptual model in low income settings

Globally, there has been increasing interest in the study of caregiving. Female caregiver predictors or mediators and a multidimensional female caregiver burden (FCG burden) model that incorporates environmental hygiene factors such as toilet hygiene and kitchen are lacking, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study evaluates caregiver burden predictors and provides a multidimensional model of unremunerated care burden for family practice and policy in two different population group communities in Cape Town, South Africa. A systematic random sampling (SRS) procedure was employed, and 100 black or African and 100 mixed race female caregivers in two different cultural communities were selected for a reliable cross-section. A questionnaire was used to solicit caregiver burden information. The average age of the female caregivers was 47.9 years (standard deviation [SD] = 11.7 years). About 49.0% of the selected participants were older than 50 years. There was a significant relationship between environmental health (kitchen hygiene and toilet hygiene). Social grant receipt and physical health status of care recipients were predictors of caregiver burden. The overall model explained the largest variation (43.4%) in caregiver burden. This study recommends an increase in the social grants given to caregivers. National health policies should reflect female caregivers' circumstances. Transdisciplinarity Contribution: This article contributes to the improvement in community health.

What does lockdown smell like? Understanding the COVID-19 pandemic through smell

This paper contributes to understandings of COVID society by offering insights into the lived experience of lockdown. It reveals how larger social and economic impacts of the virus unfold in one suburban town in New Zealand. Employing "smellwalks,” it mobilizes smell as an empirical tool to understand lockdown experience. Drawing from the "sensory turn” this method recognizes smell as a way of knowing social existence and gleaning non-discursive and embodied insights into the global pandemic. This paper endeavors to develop sensory methodology within urban sociology by revealing how smell furthers understandings of place and modes of being during lockdown. It argues changes in suburban smells signal disruption to daily life as a result of the government's social and economic pandemic-response measures. For instance, the empty cold smell of the mall usually warm and bustling with activity, conveys the isolation and loss of social connectedness produced by lockdown restrictions. Similarly, the dry smell of concrete dust created by the closure and demolition of a high-street bank reflects the slowing of the national economy. Attention to smell enables insight into new modes of being for residents that involve heightened anxiety around viral contagion and a slower, quieter, environmentally cleaner way of life.

Civil society organizations in times of pandemic: a report from the concept of collective occupational reconstruction / Organizações sociais civis em tempos de pandemia: um relato a partir do conceito de reconstrução ocupacional coletiva

RESUMO Introdução Este artigo relata ações coletivas desenvolvidas por participantes de duas Organizações Sociais Civis representantes de pessoas com diagnóstico de esclerose múltipla, localizadas na região Sul do Brasil, durante o período da pandemia de COVID-19. Objetivo Evidenciar as estratégias e ações que constituíram parte do processo de reconstrução ocupacional coletiva das Organizações Sociais Civis. Portanto, descreve os resultados de processos coletivos a partir da reflexão sobre os fenômenos observados pelas autoras. Método Trata-se de um trabalho descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, com a abordagem qualitativa. As práticas ocorreram de forma remota durante o período da pandemia (entre março e dezembro de 2020). Resultados Verificou-se que os dispositivos de mídias sociais contribuíram para a manutenção das ocupações coletivas do grupo, facilitando o processo de reconstrução ocupacional coletiva das Organizações Sociais Civis. Entre os dispositivos utilizados, destaca-se os aplicativos de mensagens e de videochamadas, que facilitaram o desenvolvimento das práticas coletivas, minimizando os impactos negativos do distanciamento físico. Conclusão Os dispositivos de mídias sociais apresentam-se como recursos potentes para a manutenção do fazer coletivo e nos processos de reconstrução ocupacional.

ABSTRACT Introduction This article reports collective actions developed by participants of two Civil Society Organizations representing people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, located in southern Brazil, during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective To highlight the strategies and actions that comprised part of the collective occupational reconstruction process of the Civil Society Organizations. Therefore, it describes the results of collective processes, based on reflection on the phenomena observed by the authors. Method This is a descriptive, qualitative research based on an experience report. The practices occurred remotely during the pandemic period (March to December 2020). Results It was found that social media platforms contributed to maintain the collective occupations of the group, facilitating the process of collective occupational reconstruction of Civil Society Organizations. Among the used tools, instant messaging and video calling applications stood out, which facilitated the development of collective practices, thus minimizing the impacts of physical distance. Conclusion Social media platforms are powerful resources to maintain collective action and occupational reconstruction processes.

On Understanding the Role of Exoskeleton Robots in Hand Rehabilitation: A Brief Review

Hand rehabilitation has been widely studied since it affects the life quality and independence of those affected. Hand impairment can be caused by several conditions, among them strokes and other cerebrovascular accidents, affecting the capabilities of those who survive them in performing the activities of daily living (ADL). Rehabilitation seeks to restore the ability of a person to perform these crucial ADL. There is a current trend in using robotic rehabilitation and other industry 4.0 tools since it can provide a safe, intensive, and task-oriented at a relatively low cost, which can be combined with other technologies such as virtual and augmented reality, BCI, haptics, and others. Moreover, it can provide accessibility in the face of current panoramas such as COVID-19. Hand exoskeleton robots are one of the most extended robotic devices for rehabilitation. However, a design adapted to the patient's needs is necessary to achieve their capability fully and succeed in rehabilitation. One of the main challenges is that several considerations and parameters affect these devices' design and the broad approaches that can be followed. This brief review aims to understand and empathize as a source of inspiration during the design process of hand exoskeleton robots for rehabilitation. © 2022 IEEE.

Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Daily Life Activities and Independence of People over 65: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The mandatory confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the older adult population. The main objective of this study is to assess independence in basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADDL) of people over 65 years of age during social, preventive, and compulsory isolation due to COVID-19, identifying and quantifying the activities of personal independence that present difficulties in their execution. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTINGS: Private's health insurance Hospital, Córdoba, Argentina. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 193 participants with mean age of 76.56 years (121 women and 72 men) who met inclusion criteria were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: A personal interview was conducted between July and December 2020. Sociodemographic data were collected, and perceived independence was assessed. OUTCOMES MEASURES: The Barthel index and the Lawton and Brody scale were used to assess independence of basic and instrumental activities of daily living. RESULTS: Minimal limitations were noted with function. The activities that represented the greatest difficulties were going up and down stairs (22%) and moving around (18%), and the greatest difficulties in instrumental activities of daily living were shopping (22%) and preparing food (15%). CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 has caused isolation, leading to functional limitations for many, especially older adults. Perceived declines in function and mobility may lead to decreased independence and safety for the older adult; therefore, preventative planning and programming should be considered.

Practice Patterns and Responses to the Patient-Driven Groupings Model and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Home Health Occupational Therapy: A Pilot Survey Study.

The purpose of the pilot survey was to understand current practice patterns and responses to the Patient-Driven Groupings Model and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in home health occupational therapy care. Fifty home health occupational therapy practitioners from 27 states in the United States completed the survey. Descriptive analysis was used to organize and summarize survey responses. The survey items on practice patterns included assessment tools, treatment approaches, and care coordination with physical therapy colleagues. The most reported assessment of occupational performance was the Barthel Index. The common treatment approaches included activities of daily living retraining, energy conservation, and functional mobility and transfer. The majority of respondents (n = 44) communicated with their physical therapy colleagues at least once a week. The communications were often related to scheduling and changes in a patient's condition. Seventy percent of practitioners experienced a reduction in home visits during the recent Medicare payment reform and the pandemic. These practitioners perceived that some patients might have been discharged from home health care prematurely. Additional studies to investigate the impact of policy changes and the pandemic on therapy intensity and patients' functional outcomes are warranted.